Épocas de aplicação de fungicidas em cultivares roundup ready com resistência parcial à ferrugem-asiática.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a resposta de linhagens transgênicas da cultura da soja a diferentes épocas de aplicação de fungicidas no controle da ferrugem asiática. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo no Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro- campus Uberaba. Foram utilizadas 2 linhagens promissoras (resistentes a ferrugem asiática) transgênicas do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Embrapa, EPAMIG/Fundação Triângulo (BRSMG 780FRR e BRSMG 791FRR) além de uma cultivar suscetível a ferrugem (BRS Favorita) do mesmo programa e quatro épocas de aplicação de fungicida (Piraclostrobina & Epoxiconazol 0,50+ óleo mineral 0,5% dose L p.c.ha-1): T1- testemunha (sem aplicação de fungicida) T2- aplicação na fase R1+ 20 dias + 20 dias, T3- aplicação primeiras pústulas + retorno das pústulas+ retorno das pústulas, T4- aplicação primeiras pústulas + 20 dias após primeiras pústulas + R5.1, T5- aplicação na fase R5.1. A aplicação dos fungicidas foi efetuada utilizando um pulverizador costal. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi um fatorial em blocos ao acaso 3x5x4 (3 linhagens x 5 épocas de aplicação de fungicidas x 4 repetições) totalizando 15 tratamentos. As parcelas experimentais constam de quatro linhas com seis metros de comprimento por dois metros de largura e o espaçamento entrelinhas de 0,5 metros. Após duas avaliações, observa-se para os tratamentos com variedades resistentes a ferrugem, que ocorre um atraso no início da doença no campo. Porém, ainda faz-se necessário avaliar o comportamento de tais materiais em condições de alta pressão de inoculo, o que ocorrerá até o final do ciclo da cultura

Sources of wellbeing of Filipinos during early, middle, and late adolescence

This study compared the sources of well-being of adolescents in the early, middle, and late adolescent stages. Content analysis was used to analyze· the interview data obtained from 30 adolescents, 10 from each adolescent stage. Seven themes emerged from the three adolescent stages and these are: family, friends, personal development. faith, school, activities and relationships. Family, friends, school, activities, and relationships are common sources to all adolescent stages while faith and personal development are only present in the middle and late adolescent stage. Adolescents from different stages share similar sources of well-being but results reveal that they have different contexts

L-glutamine and L-alanine supplementation increase glutamine-glutathione axis and muscle HSP-27 in rats trained using a progressive high-intensity resistance exercise

In this study we investigated the chronic effects of oral L-glutamine and L-alanine supplementation, either in their free or dipeptide form, on glutamine-glutathione (GLN-GSH) axis and cytoprotection mediated by HSP-27 in rats submitted to resistance exercise (RE). Forty Wistar rats were distributed into 5 groups: sedentary; trained (CTRL); and trained supplemented with L-alanyl-L-glutamine, L-glutamine and L-alanine in their free form (GLN+ALA), or free L-alanine (ALA). All trained animals were submitted to a 6-week ladder-climbing protocol. Supplementations were offered in a 4% drinking water solution for 21 days prior to euthanasia. Plasma glutamine, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (MYO), and erythrocyte concentration of reduced GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were measured. In tibialis anterior skeletal muscle, GLN-GSH axis, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP-27), and glutamine synthetase were determined. In CRTL animals, high-intensity RE reduced muscle glutamine levels and increased GSSG/GSH rate and TBARS, as well as augmented plasma CK and MYO levels. Conversely, L-glutamine-supplemented animals showed an increase in plasma and muscle levels of glutamine, with a reduction in GSSG/GSH rate, TBARS, and CK. Free L-alanine administration increased plasma glutamine concentration and lowered muscle TBARS. HSF-1 and HSP-27 were high in all supplemented groups when compared with CTRL (p < 0.05). The results presented herein demonstrate that L-glutamine supplemented with L-alanine, in both a free or dipeptide form, improve the GLN-GSH axis and promote cytoprotective effects in rats submitted to high-intensity RE training